ARISTOTELIANISM

Aristotelianism is the philosophical tradition founded on Aristotle’s comprehensive system covering logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, biology, and aesthetics. Central to Aristotelian thought is the doctrine of hylomorphism—the view that substances consist of matter (hyle) and form (morphe)—and the four causes (material, formal, efficient, and final) that explain why things are as they are.

Developed by Aristotle (384-322 BCE) in Athens, synthesising and critiquing Plato's idealism. Aristotle founded the Lyceum where he systematically investigated nature and society.

Aristotle (founder), Alexander of Aphrodisias, Averroes, Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, contemporary virtue ethicists: Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre.

Four causes. Hylomorphism. Potentiality and actuality. Teleology. Virtue ethics and eudaimonia. Natural law theory.

Foundation of medieval scholastic philosophy. Shaped Islamic and Jewish philosophy. Virtue ethics revival in contemporary moral philosophy.