CRITICAL THEORY

Critical Theory encompasses emancipatory social theory aiming to critique and transform society. Distinguishing from traditional theory, it is explicitly normative, seeking liberation from domination.

Originated with Frankfurt School 1930s-1940s. Expanded to feminist theory, critical race theory. 1980s-1990s: postcolonial and queer theory emerged.

Frankfurt School: Horkheimer, Adorno, Habermas, feminist: de Beauvoir, Butler, hooks, critical race: Bell, Crenshaw, postcolonial: Said, Spivak.

Emancipatory social critique. Ideology critique. Intersectionality. Social construction. Hegemony and resistance. Standpoint epistemology. Decolonization.

Central to contemporary humanities. Influenced social movements. Shaped gender studies, ethnic studies. Relevant to social justice activism.