GERMAN IDEALISM

German Idealism is a philosophical movement (1780-1850) developing Kant’s critical philosophy toward comprehensive systematic idealism.

Emerged from Kant's philosophy. Fichte, Schelling, Hegel developed it. Decline with rise of materialism and analytic philosophy.

Kant (foundation), Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, contemporary neo-Hegelians: Robert Pippin, Robert Brandom.

Mind structures reality. Dialectical method. Absolute as subject. Spirit’s self-development through history. Freedom as rational self-determination.

Shaped Marxism. Affected existentialism and phenomenology. Neo-Hegelian revival addresses selfhood and normativity.