INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Indian philosophy comprises diverse schools developed over three millennia, characterized by sophisticated debates about consciousness, self, knowledge, and liberation.

Vedic period established foundations. Classical period saw systematic schools. Colonial encounter with Western philosophy.

Buddha, Mahavira, Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu, Shankara, Ramanuja, Aurobindo.

Pramanas (valid knowledge). Debates about self. Consciousness. Karma and rebirth. Liberation. Causation. Logic and inference.

Developed sophisticated epistemology. Buddhist philosophy spread throughout Asia. Influenced Western philosophy. Relevant to consciousness studies.