1517-present
Protestant theology emphasizes Scripture alone, faith alone, grace alone, rejecting papal authority and emphasizing priesthood of all believers.
Began with Luther (1517). Calvin systematized. Diversified into traditions. Neo-orthodoxy (Barth, 20th century).
Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, Karl Barth, Paul Tillich, Reinhold Niebuhr.
Sola scriptura, sola fide, sola gratia. Justification by faith. Priesthood of all believers. Individual conscience.
Transformed Western Christianity. Influenced individual liberty and democracy. Protestant work ethic affected capitalism (Weber).
