REALISM

Realism holds that reality exists independently of mind, perception, or language—an objective world exists unperceived.

Ancient roots in Aristotle. Medieval realism opposed nominalism. Scientific realism emerged with logical positivism's decline.

Aristotle, John Locke, G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, scientific realists, moral realists, David Lewis.

Reality exists independently of mind. Objective world. Scientific theories describe reality. Moral facts objective. Common sense realism.

Common sense position. Dominant in philosophy of science. Shaped analytic philosophy. Continues debated against idealism and constructivism.