Anselm of Canterbury
1033-1109 CE
God is "that than which nothing greater can be conceived" — and…
Duns Scotus
c. 1266-1308 CE
What makes you uniquely you isn't your essence or qualities but your…
Meister Eckhart
c. 1260-1328 CE
The ground of the soul and the ground of God are one…
Odo of Tournai
c.1060-1113 CE
Human sinfulness isn't just a spiritual condition — it's physically inherited. Adam's…
Peter Abelard
1079-1142 CE
Universals are neither things nor mere words but mental concepts (conceptualism) —…
Roscellinus of Compiègne
c.1050-c.1125 CE
Universals are mere vocal sounds (flatus vocis) — only individual things exist;…
Thomas Aquinas
1225-1274 CE
Faith and reason are complementary — philosophy proves what reason can reach,…
William of Champeaux
c.1070-1121 CE
Abstract categories like "humanity" aren't just labels we invent — they are…
William of Ockham
c. 1287-1347 CE
Only individuals exist — universals are just names. Don't multiply entities beyond…